Indian Parliament

PARLIAMENT IN INDIA AND SHORT NOTES ON OTHER PARLIAMENTS By, T. Vishnu, IX A. TheParliament of Indiais the supremelegislative bodyinIndia. The parliament house in the first place known as Council tin , founded in 1919, the Parliament alone possesseslegislative supremacyand thereby ultimate power over all political bodies in India. The Parliament of India comprises thePresident of Indiaand the two folks,Lok Sabha( dwelling house of the People) andRajya Sabha(Council of States). The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha.The parliament isbicameral, with anupper housecalled as Council of States orRajya Sabha, and alower housecalled as House of People orLok Sabha. The two Houses meet in separatechambers, in saucily Delhi. The Members of either house ar commonly referred to as Members of Parliament or MP. The MPs of Lok Sabha atomic number 18 elected bydirect electionand the MPs of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies and Union territories of Delhi and Pondicherry only in accordance withproportional voting.The Parliament is composed of 790 MPs, who serve the largestdemocraticelectoratein the earth The Estimates perpetration, constituted for the first era in1950, is a Parliamentary Committee consisting of 30Members, elected every year by the Lok Sabha from amongst its Members. The Chairman of the Committee is establish by the Speaker from amongst its members. A Minister cannot be elected as a member of the Committee and if a member after his election to the Committee, is appointive a Minister, he ceases to be a member of theCommittee from the date of such appointmentTerm of Office The term of office of the Committee is one year. Functions The functions of the Estimates Committee are (a) to report what economies, improvements inorganisation, efficiency or administrative reform, consistent with the policy underlying the estimatesmay be effected (b) to enkindle alternative policies in tell to bring about efficiency and economy in administration (c) to examine whether the money is well laid out within the limits of the policy implied in the estimates and d) to suggest the form in which the estimates shall be presented to Parliament. The Committee does not exercise its functions in relation to such Public Undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings by the Rules of Procedure of Lok Sabha or by the Speaker. Working TheParliament of Great Britainwas formed in 1707Soon after it is constituted, the Committee selects such of the estimates pertaining to a Ministry/Department of theCentral Government or such of the statutory and other bodies of the Central Government as may seem fit to the Committee.The Committee in like manner examines matters of special interest which may arise or come to light in the course of its work or which are specifically referred to it by the House or the Speaker. The Committee calls for prelimin ary material from the Ministry/Department, statutory and other Government bodies in regard to the subjects selected for examination and also memoranda from non-officials connected with the subjects for the use of the Members of the Committee. The Committee, from time to time, appoints one or more Sub-Committees/ psychoanalyse Groups for carrying out detailed examination of various subjects.If it appears to the Committee that it is necessary for the purpose of its examination that an on-the-spot study should be made, the Committee may, with the approval of the Speaker decide to undertake tours to make a study of anyparticular matter, project or establishment, either as a whole Committee or by dividing itself into Study Groups. Notes relating to the institutions/offices etc. to be visited are called for in advance from the concerned Ministries/Departments etc. and circulated to the Members of the Committee/Sub- Committee/Study Group.The Members while on tour may also meet the represen tatives of chambers of commerce and other nonofficial trade organisations and bodies which are concerned with the subjects under examination of the Committee, for an free discussion. When the Committee/Sub-Committee/Study Group is on study tour only unceremonial sittings are held at the place of visit. At such sitting uncomplete evidence is recorded nor any decisions are taken. All discussions held by the Committee with the representatives of the Ministries/ Departments, nonofficial organisations, etc. re treated as confidential andno one having coming to the discussions directly orindirectly, should communicate to the Press or anyunauthorised person any information about matters takenup during the discussions. Later in the light of informal discussions during Study Tours,memoranda received from non-officials and informationcollected from the Ministry/Department concerned and other sources, non-official and official witnesses are invited to give evidence at formal sittings of th eEstimates Committee held in Parliament House/Parliament House Annexe, New Delhi. The observations/recommendations of the Committee are embodied in its Reports which are presented to Lok Sabha. After a Report has been presented to the House the Ministry or Department concerned is required to take action on the recommendations and conclusions contained in the Report within a period of six months. The replies of the Government are examined by the Committee and an Action Taken Report is presented to the House.The replies to the recommendations contained in the Action Taken Reports are laid on the Table of Lok Sabha in the form of Statements. tour U. S. As parliament is called as UNITED STATES CONGRESS The join States Congressis thebicamerallegislatureof thefederal governmentof theUnited States, consisting of theSenate, its upper house, and theHouse of Representatives, its lower house. Congress meets in theCapitolinWashington, D. C.Both representatives and senators are chosen throughdi rect election. There are 535 voting Members of Congress the House of Representatives has a rank and file of 435 and the Senate has a membership 100. Members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a district. Congressional districts areapportionedto states bypopulationusing the United States Census results, each state in the union having at least one representative in the Congress.Regardless of population, each of the 50 states has two senators the 100 senators each serve a six-year term. The terms are staggered so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election. Most incumbents seek re-election, and their historical likeliness of winning subsequent elections exceeds 90 percent. TheParliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britainis the supremelegislative body in the United kingdom, BritishCrown dependenciesandBritish overseas territories.Theparliamentisbicameral, with anupper house, theHouse of Lords, and alower hou se, theHouse of Commons. The Queen is the third component of the legislature. The House of Lords includes two different types of members theLords Spiritual(the agedbishopsof theChurch of England) and theLords Temporal(members of thePeerage) whose members are not elected by the population at large, but are appointed by the Sovereign on advice of the thrill Minister . TheParliament of Great Britainwas formed in 1707.Read also My Ambition Is To Become a Collector